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Thesis Title: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Science and Psychology

 My research work!!

Abstract:

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and embraces all aspects of the human experience. The mind is a highly complex element and very hard to treat the problems related to it-Cognitive Psychology involves the study of internal mental processes. It is closely related to multi-disciplinary elements such as neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. Cognitive science is the Interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind. The main goal of cognitive science is that holistic Understanding of the mind-AI also knows a machine intelligence to perform tasks like human beings. Today, AI became more sophisticated to develop advanced applications. AI is a technology designed to perform activities that normally require human intelligence and relies on the multidisciplinary field of science. AI can be used for solving mental health disorders. AI and cognitive psychology share the common phenomenon of understanding intelligent behavior and producing an output that appears intelligent.

 Understanding Psychology

Psychology was around thousands of years ago in ancient Greece, Egypt, India, Persia, and China, and drives from the word “psyche”.

History

387 BCE -Plato suggested mental process takes place in the brain

335 BCE- Aristotle suggested mental process takes place in the heart

980 AD – Dr.Avicenna treated psychiatric conditions like epilepsy, nightmares, memory problems

1646-1716- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz applied principles of calculus to the mind

1732- Christian Wolff wrote PsychologiaEmpirica identifying psychology as a science

1774 – Franz Mesmer introduced hypnosis to cure mental illness

1793- Phillippe Pinel treated mental health problems

1830-Gustav Fechner conducted psychophysics research

1879- Wilhelm Wundt set up the psychological research laboratory

1890 -William James, published Principles of Psychology

1890 – American Psychological Association (APA) was founded

1850-1909- Hermann Abbingaus studied memory extensively and first psychologist

1849-1936- Ivan Pavlov experimented on dogs and found the concept of conditioning

1856-1939 – Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis to understand the mind

1900-Hermann Ebbinghaus defined the experimental study of memory

1913 – John B. Watson proposed the behaviorism

Introduction to Psychology

In 1694, Steven Blankaart introduced the word Psychology in The Physical Dictionary. The dictionary refers to “Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats the soul. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind, how it works, and how it affects behavior. It embraces all aspects of the human experience such as conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is broadly Involved in research on visual perception, cognition, thought process, emotions, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Many theories of psychology are based on observation of human behavior. The mind is a highly complex element and very hard to treat the problems related to it. Because emotions, perceptions, dreams, thinking, etc., cannot be seen physically. The branches of psychology are Clinical Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Developmental psychology, Evolutionary psychology, Forensic Psychology, Health psychology Neuropsychology, Occupational psychology, and Social psychology.

 

Cognitive science and Cognitive psychology

In 1930-1940, McCulloch and Walter Pitts developed artificial neural networks, models of computation inspired by the structure of biological neural networks.

In 1967, the term cognitive psychology was introduced by Ulric Neisser.

In 19673, The term cognitive science was coined by Christopher Longuet-Higgins.

In 1950, the cognitive revolution has begun

In 1972, Hampshire College started the first undergraduate education program in cognitive science

In the early 1980s the symbolic AI approach was started by Marvin Minsky developed a computer

programming steps that humans decision making and solve problems.

In 1982, Vassar College became the first institution in the world to grant an undergraduate

degree in Cognitive Science

In 1986, the University of California, San Diego has started the Cognitive Science Department

The first instance of cognitive science experiments being done at MIT Sloan School of

Management, established by J.C.R. Licklider

Cognitive psychology involves the study of internal mental processes, including visual perception, forgetting, information processing, speech, attention, thinking, language comprehension, memory, perceive environments, and problem-solving. It is closely related to multi-disciplinary elements such as neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. Understanding how people think and process information is a very challenging task for researchers to gain a deeper understanding of how the brain function and also create new avenues to develop treatment procedures to deal with cognitive problems.

The term “cognitive” in “cognitive science” is used for any kind of mental operation that can be studied in precise terms. Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind that accepts input from language, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, Artificial intelligence, and anthropology. Cognitive science is a large field that covers a wide array of topics on cognition.

Cognitive science mainly focuses on how the nervous system accepts and transforms information by studying intelligence and behavior which include language, perception, memory, attention, embodied condition, consciousness, reasoning, and emotion. The discipline of cognitive science covers cognitive psychology as well as philosophy of mind, computer science, and neuroscience.

The main goal of cognitive science is that holistic understanding of the mind by studying a particular phenomenon from multiple levels creates a better understanding of the processes that occur in the brain pertaining to behavior.

 

Artificial intelligence

AI also knows machine intelligence to perform tasks like human beings including speech, language, perception, problem-solving, and decision-making. It involves the study of cognitive phenomena in machines and the main aim is to implement aspects of human intelligence in computers. Computational modeling uses simulations to study how human intelligence. Today’s AI systems may defeat the world chess champion and the latest algorithms, more computational power, and data storage made AI become more sophisticated to develop advanced applications such as self-driving cars, personal assistants, fraud detention, wearable gadgets, thermostats for centralized home management, latest drones to monitor construction works.

Expert systems were the first users of AI in the health sector to assist in decision-making by combining knowledge and expertise from professionals using data mining and fuzzy logic. The latest innovation such as speech recognition and natural language processing used to develop next-generation technology like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant. It also helps in reading personal records to monitoring health conditions and find the contradictions of treatment, focused engagement, and clinical support systems and processes the highly complex data and makes it available for better decision-making that helps the best utilization of health resources, augmented reality and virtual reality that offers a cost-effective solution for patients to explore their issues, virtual companions like digital pets that solve the loneliness and promote the well-being of the human beings, AI-enhanced games will help the mental health treatment.

Role of Artificial intelligence in Psychology

AI is a technology designed to perform activities that normally require human intelligence and relies on the multidisciplinary field of science. It emulates either complex human behavior or specialized intelligent functions and learns without being explicitly told how to do so. Mental health is one of the key focus areas of AI and simulates a practitioner beyond human capabilities. AI can assist human practitioners by all means and asses the therapy sessions autonomously. It provides insightful data for physical assessment such as heart rate, temperature changes, etc., and also saves human effort such as recording data, bookkeeping, and automatic follow-up actions. AI technology will replace counselors, therapists, and mental health professionals in the near future. AI will analyze digital video and identify pulse rate, and blood flow, monitor trauma patients' breathing, and distressed people, and be extremely helpful during the treatment. RP-VITA robot monitors patients' well-being remotely while accessing the medical records and does the critical care assessment. AI can be used for solving mental health disorders and proposing appropriate treatment using rule-based and fuzzy logic. AI can be vastly used as an expert system for mental health-related analysis, data collection, testing, and evaluation. It helps the treatment procedure by diagnosing existing and potential problems and confirming the appropriate treatment procedures.

 The latest developments In AI that combining the data captured during the face to face meetings about habits such as eating, sleeping, and social behavior to create a holistic view of patients and solve human distress using machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing to analyze language, gestures, and social signals.

 

Role of Artificial intelligence in Cognitive Science

AI and Cognitive Science share the common phenomenon of understanding the intelligent

behavior and produce an output that appears intelligent.AI is used to develop a complex computer program that is capable of performing cognitive tasks, and mimics human cognitive functioning such as visual perception, forgetting, memory, thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving. AI has been evolving rapidly to support healthcare professionals with decision-making based on historical and behavioral data. A deep learning-based approach helps in forecasting and early diagnosis of mental health issues in humans.

Computational modeling tools have several advantages to estimate mathematical psychology and cognitive psychology to simulate behavior. The high availability of high-performance computers, and storage that processes information quickly, provide accurate statistical data to simulate the brain. There are several models available such as computational neuroscience, symbolic, dynamic systems, and stochastic modeling.

Source and courtesy:

Introduction to psychology by Yale University

AI in Health care by Stanford University

Positive psychology.com

Wikipedia

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